Since the projected effect of a low dose increases the incidence of a deleterious effect only minimally above the naturally occurring level, it is impossible to prove by observation either the validity or falsity of this hypothesis. This is called the linear no-threshold hypothesis. Due to the uncertainties with respect to radiological risk, a radiation protection risk model assumes that the health risk from radiation exposure is proportional to dose. Since it is not possible to measure carcinogenic effects at low doses, estimates of the incidences of radiation effects at low doses are based on linear extrapolation from relatively high doses. Appendix VIII: Radiation Measurement Units.Appendix VII: Facility Radiation Protection Checklist.
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